Abstracthttps://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.1.2.190 (studie från 2009)
The lives of women in the United States have improved over the past 35 years by many objective measures, yet we show that measures of subjective well-being indicate that women's happiness has declined both absolutely and relative to men. This decline in relative wellbeing is found across various datasets, measures of subjective wellbeing, demographic groups, and industrialized countries. Relative declines in female happiness have eroded a gender gap in happiness in which women in the 1970s reported higher subjective well-being than did men. These declines have continued and a new gender gap is emerging -- one with higher subjective well-being for men. (JEL I31, J16, J28)
Using data across countries and over time we show that women are unhappier than men inhttps://www.nber.org/system/files/wo...893/w29893.pdf (studie från 2022)
unhappiness and negative affect equations, irrespective of the measure used – anxiety, depression,
fearfulness, sadness, loneliness, anger – and they have more days with bad mental health and
more restless sleep. Women are also less satisfied with many aspects of their lives such as
democracy, the economy, the state of education and health services. They are also less happy in
the moment in terms of peace and calm, cheerfulness, feeling active, vigorous, fresh and rested.
However, prior evidence on gender differences in global wellbeing metrics – happiness and life
satisfaction – is less clear cut. Differences vary over time, location, and with model specification
and the inclusion of controls especially marital status. We also show that there are significant
variations by month in happiness data regarding whether males are happier than females but find
little variation by month in unhappiness data. It matters which months are sampled when
measuring positive affect but not with negative affect. These monthly data reveal that women’s
happiness was more adversely affected by the COVID shock than men’s, but also that women’s
happiness rebounded more quickly suggesting resilience. As a result, we now find strong
evidence that males have higher levels of both happiness and life satisfaction in recent years even
before the onset of pandemic. As in the past they continue to have lower levels of unhappiness.
A detailed analysis of several data files, with various metrics, for the UK confirms that men now
are happier than women.
Abstracthttps://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.1.2.190 (studie från 2009)
The lives of women in the United States have improved over the past 35 years by many objective measures, yet we show that measures of subjective well-being indicate that women's happiness has declined both absolutely and relative to men. This decline in relative wellbeing is found across various datasets, measures of subjective wellbeing, demographic groups, and industrialized countries. Relative declines in female happiness have eroded a gender gap in happiness in which women in the 1970s reported higher subjective well-being than did men. These declines have continued and a new gender gap is emerging -- one with higher subjective well-being for men. (JEL I31, J16, J28)
Using data across countries and over time we show that women are unhappier than men inhttps://www.nber.org/system/files/wo...893/w29893.pdf (studie från 2022)
unhappiness and negative affect equations, irrespective of the measure used – anxiety, depression,
fearfulness, sadness, loneliness, anger – and they have more days with bad mental health and
more restless sleep. Women are also less satisfied with many aspects of their lives such as
democracy, the economy, the state of education and health services. They are also less happy in
the moment in terms of peace and calm, cheerfulness, feeling active, vigorous, fresh and rested.
However, prior evidence on gender differences in global wellbeing metrics – happiness and life
satisfaction – is less clear cut. Differences vary over time, location, and with model specification
and the inclusion of controls especially marital status. We also show that there are significant
variations by month in happiness data regarding whether males are happier than females but find
little variation by month in unhappiness data. It matters which months are sampled when
measuring positive affect but not with negative affect. These monthly data reveal that women’s
happiness was more adversely affected by the COVID shock than men’s, but also that women’s
happiness rebounded more quickly suggesting resilience. As a result, we now find strong
evidence that males have higher levels of both happiness and life satisfaction in recent years even
before the onset of pandemic. As in the past they continue to have lower levels of unhappiness.
A detailed analysis of several data files, with various metrics, for the UK confirms that men now
are happier than women.
It matters which months are sampled whenhttps://www.nber.org/system/files/wo...893/w29893.pdf (studie från 2022)
measuring positive affect but not with negative affect. These monthly data reveal that women’s
happiness was more adversely affected by the COVID shock than men’s, but also that women’s
happiness rebounded more quickly suggesting resilience. As a result, we now find strong
evidence that males have higher levels of both happiness and life satisfaction in recent years even
before the onset of pandemic. As in the past they continue to have lower levels of unhappiness.
A detailed analysis of several data files, with various metrics, for the UK confirms that men now
are happier than women.
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